Entre Horizontes e Sedimentos: o Impacto do Antropoceno na História a partir de Chakrabarty e seus Interlocutores

Autores/as

  • André Felipe Silva Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz
  • Gabriel Lopes

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i2.p348-396

Palabras clave:

Antropoceno, Dipesh Chakrabarty, Teoria da História, Mudanças Climáticas, Agência Histórica, Longa Duração

Resumen

O

O presente artigo analisa os desdobramentos da ideia do Antropoceno na história a partir das reflexões desenvolvidas pelo historiador indiano Dipesh Chakrabarty no artigo “O Clima da História: Quatro Teses”, publicado em 2009, e em escritos posteriores, mapeando seus principais argumentos e as controvérsias que suscitaram. Apresentamos como a crescente discussão do termo se ampliou no campo das humanidades nos últimos 10 anos a partir das reflexões pioneiras de Chakrabarty, as quais assumiram centralidade no debate, em interlocução com historiadores e demais pesquisadores das humanidades em função do caráter controverso de suas ideias e densidade filosófica. Mostramos como os debates que gravitam ao redor das propostas de Chakrabarty fazem repensar diversos pressupostos fundamentais da história, como a redefinição do humano como sujeito histórico ao assumir dimensão geológica na história e os problemas relacionados às articulações de escalas espaço-temporais exigidas pela hipótese de uma época geológica marcada pela agência humana. Segundo Chakrabarty, a definição de uma época geológica provocada pela ação humana no planeta instaura uma crise na experiência e reflexão históricas. Tal crise se traduz em impasse político, uma vez que as instituições, concepções e parâmetros referentes à história humana para ele são insuficientes para lidar com fenômeno de magnitude geológica que extrapola a dinâmica do capitalismo, as desigualdades que ele engendra e as aspirações humanas de liberdade, igualdade e emancipação. Fraturas no pensamento originam-se da dificuldade em articular as dimensões histórica, biológica e geológica dos humanos enquanto sujeitos do Antropoceno. Focamos na controvérsia sobre o papel do capitalismo e das clivagens intra-humanas no novo regime geológico, na distinção entre as dimensões global e planetária e no desafio imposto pelas incongruências entre o tempo histórico e geológico, bem como as propostas analíticas que procuraram responder às questões levantadas por Chakrabarty.

Citas

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Publicado

2021-08-17

Cómo citar

Silva, A. F., & Lopes, G. (2021). Entre Horizontes e Sedimentos: o Impacto do Antropoceno na História a partir de Chakrabarty e seus Interlocutores. Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana Y Caribeña (HALAC) Revista De La Solcha, 11(2), 348–396. https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i2.p348-396

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